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孙大使在WTO农业委员会第26次特会上代表G20的发言
Mr. Chairman,
On behalf of G-20, I would like to take this opportunity to convey to you and all Members a few important points. I will concentrate my initial remarks in presenting a broad view of our understanding on how this process should evolve. I will also add a few comments on each of the negotiating pillars.
Mr. Chairman,
The July framework establishes the foundations for Members to develop negotiating modalities for commitments in agriculture. The achievement of the framework was only possible due to the negotiating efforts of Members and their engagement in the success of discussions. The G-20 is proud to have played an important role. The Group constructively contributed to the process, not only with technically sound, Mandate-oriented proposals, but also with a transparent and inclusive negotiating attitude. It is the Group’s intention to participate in this negotiating phase with the same constructive spirit as it did before.
We acknowledge that there is a considerable amount of work to be done and many decisions to be taken. In our view, although the July decision does not state it in as many words, the objective of the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference should preferably be the approval of modalities. It is not a question of setting stringent artificial deadlines, but working with a foreseeable negotiating horizon. There is no time to lose if we are to conclude the Round by 2006. Besides, from the perspective of developing countries, the sooner the negotiating objectives of the Doha Work Programme are attained, the better.
We cannot lose the momentum achieved in July. Time is a precious asset that must be used wisely. And we have to be prepared to make the best use of it. The G-20 has already started to do its preparatory work both in the capitals and in Geneva with a view to presenting its contributions to the negotiating process.
The agreement on the framework was important. But it is only part of the job. And any comparison with other areas must bear in mind the complexity of this three-pronged negotiation, as well as the fact that this is the first Round to effectively address the liberalization of agricultural trade. The agriculture text may be longer, but it only contains references to elements - such as Blue Box or market access formula - which will demand intensive negotiations.
All the issues included in the framework must be dealt with. It is, therefore, not a matter of addressing some of the issues initially to the detriment of others. There can be no hands-off technical list, since any such list would in fact reflect certain preferences and impose a biased approach towards the negotiations. Everything must be tackled in parallel; even the toughest issues must be the object of an exchange of ideas, presentation of proposals, data and the elaboration of studies. We should avoid any bias in the selection of issues for discussion. There can be no leftovers; otherwise, we risk the repetition of a “déja vu” scenario ? one in which time constraints in the end impede the achievement of desired results due to little or no time left to tackle the core issues of the agriculture negotiations, such as the blue box and sensitivities.
If any order is required for the practical organization of our work, it should proceed from the general to the specific, from the rule to possible exceptions, and not the other way around. This is the logic of the multilateral trading system ? and, for that matter, of any rules-based system. The fundamental point is that a list of tasks cannot be drafted without reference to the central issues in the negotiations.
We should focus our work on issues that relate to the most trade distorting policies in all three pillars of the negotiations. Following this logic, and bearing in mind the tentative list of issues put forward by the Chair to make a start on matters of substance, let me touch briefly on a few points, regarding each of the pillars.
[Domestic Support]
In domestic support, the development of an operational concept to take up this pillar in the Framework centred around three points: cuts, disciplines and monitoring.
Regarding cuts, the concepts of overall cut, as defined in the mandate, the banded approach for overall and AMS cuts, as well as the notion of product-specific cuts were developed. To give concrete meaning to the overall cut, the G-20 has emphasised that both the starting and the ending point should be technically and politically credible.
Mr. Chairman,
95 per cent of the total domestic support provided to agriculture globally go to farmers in OECD countries and that the structure of the domestic support pillar in the AoA is essentially based on the programmes of support available to farmers in these countries, distributed in 3 instruments of support:
a)the Amber Box, comprising de-minimis support and AMS,
b)the Blue Box and
c)the direct payment under the Green Box
The amount of resources provided by developing countries ? mainly through de minimis to their farmers - is infinitely smaller than that granted by developed countries. Why then should we start our discussions by the issue of de minimis regarding developing countries?
[Export Competition]
With regard to Export Competition, and in line with the mandate to “phase out all forms of export subsidies”, discussion in this pillar revolved around the issues of the credible end date, parallelism and monitoring.
Negotiation on the schedule for the elimination of export subsidies and how this could impact other forms of export subsidies remains open for the modalities phase. It is important, however, that a standstill be observed in this pillar, so as to safeguard the reform process from any backtracking. Pending the complete elimination of export subsidies, the introduction of any new programmes or the grant of export subsidies for products that no longer benefit from them would be contrary to the spirit of the reforms.
[Market Access]
Developing a banded formula and its fundamental elements for a single approach for both developed and developing countries was fundamental to uphold the Doha Mandate. The tariff reduction formula is the core element for the attainment of the mandated objective of substantial improvement in market access. At the same time, the Framework contains key elements to that effect such as the need to take into account different tariff structures, the need to ensure food security and livelihood concerns of developing countries rural populations and the concept of proportionality.
Whilst we must recognize that the design of the tariff reduction formula involves important political elements, in the months ahead it should be possible to develop technical elements that will make it easier to arrive at that formula. Once we reach that point, then we can devote ourselves to work on the elements that qualify the reduction formula, bearing in mind the need, as stressed in the framework text, not to undermine it.
[Final comments]
Mr. Chairman,
Let me conclude by recalling the importance of agricultural reform to the system as a whole and especially to developing countries. The G-20 remains, as ever, engaged in this process, always guided by the letter and spirit of the Doha Mandate.
下载：孙大使在WTO农业委员会第26次特会上代表G20的发言
On behalf of G-20, I would like to take this opportunity to convey to you and all Members a few important points. I will concentrate my initial remarks in presenting a broad view of our understanding on how this process should evolve. I will also add a few comments on each of the negotiating pillars.
Mr. Chairman,
The July framework establishes the foundations for Members to develop negotiating modalities for commitments in agriculture. The achievement of the framework was only possible due to the negotiating efforts of Members and their engagement in the success of discussions. The G-20 is proud to have played an important role. The Group constructively contributed to the process, not only with technically sound, Mandate-oriented proposals, but also with a transparent and inclusive negotiating attitude. It is the Group’s intention to participate in this negotiating phase with the same constructive spirit as it did before.
We acknowledge that there is a considerable amount of work to be done and many decisions to be taken. In our view, although the July decision does not state it in as many words, the objective of the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference should preferably be the approval of modalities. It is not a question of setting stringent artificial deadlines, but working with a foreseeable negotiating horizon. There is no time to lose if we are to conclude the Round by 2006. Besides, from the perspective of developing countries, the sooner the negotiating objectives of the Doha Work Programme are attained, the better.
We cannot lose the momentum achieved in July. Time is a precious asset that must be used wisely. And we have to be prepared to make the best use of it. The G-20 has already started to do its preparatory work both in the capitals and in Geneva with a view to presenting its contributions to the negotiating process.
The agreement on the framework was important. But it is only part of the job. And any comparison with other areas must bear in mind the complexity of this three-pronged negotiation, as well as the fact that this is the first Round to effectively address the liberalization of agricultural trade. The agriculture text may be longer, but it only contains references to elements - such as Blue Box or market access formula - which will demand intensive negotiations.
All the issues included in the framework must be dealt with. It is, therefore, not a matter of addressing some of the issues initially to the detriment of others. There can be no hands-off technical list, since any such list would in fact reflect certain preferences and impose a biased approach towards the negotiations. Everything must be tackled in parallel; even the toughest issues must be the object of an exchange of ideas, presentation of proposals, data and the elaboration of studies. We should avoid any bias in the selection of issues for discussion. There can be no leftovers; otherwise, we risk the repetition of a “déja vu” scenario ? one in which time constraints in the end impede the achievement of desired results due to little or no time left to tackle the core issues of the agriculture negotiations, such as the blue box and sensitivities.
If any order is required for the practical organization of our work, it should proceed from the general to the specific, from the rule to possible exceptions, and not the other way around. This is the logic of the multilateral trading system ? and, for that matter, of any rules-based system. The fundamental point is that a list of tasks cannot be drafted without reference to the central issues in the negotiations.
We should focus our work on issues that relate to the most trade distorting policies in all three pillars of the negotiations. Following this logic, and bearing in mind the tentative list of issues put forward by the Chair to make a start on matters of substance, let me touch briefly on a few points, regarding each of the pillars.
[Domestic Support]
In domestic support, the development of an operational concept to take up this pillar in the Framework centred around three points: cuts, disciplines and monitoring.
Regarding cuts, the concepts of overall cut, as defined in the mandate, the banded approach for overall and AMS cuts, as well as the notion of product-specific cuts were developed. To give concrete meaning to the overall cut, the G-20 has emphasised that both the starting and the ending point should be technically and politically credible.
Mr. Chairman,
95 per cent of the total domestic support provided to agriculture globally go to farmers in OECD countries and that the structure of the domestic support pillar in the AoA is essentially based on the programmes of support available to farmers in these countries, distributed in 3 instruments of support:
a)the Amber Box, comprising de-minimis support and AMS,
b)the Blue Box and
c)the direct payment under the Green Box
The amount of resources provided by developing countries ? mainly through de minimis to their farmers - is infinitely smaller than that granted by developed countries. Why then should we start our discussions by the issue of de minimis regarding developing countries?
[Export Competition]
With regard to Export Competition, and in line with the mandate to “phase out all forms of export subsidies”, discussion in this pillar revolved around the issues of the credible end date, parallelism and monitoring.
Negotiation on the schedule for the elimination of export subsidies and how this could impact other forms of export subsidies remains open for the modalities phase. It is important, however, that a standstill be observed in this pillar, so as to safeguard the reform process from any backtracking. Pending the complete elimination of export subsidies, the introduction of any new programmes or the grant of export subsidies for products that no longer benefit from them would be contrary to the spirit of the reforms.
[Market Access]
Developing a banded formula and its fundamental elements for a single approach for both developed and developing countries was fundamental to uphold the Doha Mandate. The tariff reduction formula is the core element for the attainment of the mandated objective of substantial improvement in market access. At the same time, the Framework contains key elements to that effect such as the need to take into account different tariff structures, the need to ensure food security and livelihood concerns of developing countries rural populations and the concept of proportionality.
Whilst we must recognize that the design of the tariff reduction formula involves important political elements, in the months ahead it should be possible to develop technical elements that will make it easier to arrive at that formula. Once we reach that point, then we can devote ourselves to work on the elements that qualify the reduction formula, bearing in mind the need, as stressed in the framework text, not to undermine it.
[Final comments]
Mr. Chairman,
Let me conclude by recalling the importance of agricultural reform to the system as a whole and especially to developing countries. The G-20 remains, as ever, engaged in this process, always guided by the letter and spirit of the Doha Mandate.
下载：孙大使在WTO农业委员会第26次特会上代表G20的发言
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